<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" ><generator uri="https://jekyllrb.com/" version="4.4.1">Jekyll</generator><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/feed/content/economics.xml" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" /><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" /><updated>2026-03-08T07:15:53+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/feed/content/economics.xml</id><title type="html">The Open Buddhist University | Content | Economics (General)</title><subtitle>A website dedicated to providing free, online courses and bibliographies in Buddhist Studies. </subtitle><author><name>Khemarato Bhikkhu</name><uri>https://twitter.com/buddhistuni</uri></author><entry><title type="html">You will love this conversation</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/you-will-love-this_lanier-jaron" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="You will love this conversation" /><published>2025-05-19T21:43:50+07:00</published><updated>2025-12-10T12:48:13+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/you-will-love-this_lanier-jaron</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/you-will-love-this_lanier-jaron"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>The danger in utopian thinking is that it can easily turn you into a pointless vandal.
The more useful thing is to think of betterment as a process rather than thinking that we just have to get rid of the bad people and then everything will be okay.
If you could have enough utopianism to question the world as it is and imagine how it could be better, I think that’s a wonderful thing, but if you take it too far, you actually undermine yourself.
So, I would say, a like “homeopathic utopianism” I will support.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>A sweeping interview about Silicon Valley and the possible shapes of the future with the man who coined the term “virtual reality.”</p>]]></content><author><name>Jaron Lanier</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="internet" /><category term="silicon-valley" /><category term="media" /><category term="economics" /><category term="power" /><category term="future" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The danger in utopian thinking is that it can easily turn you into a pointless vandal. The more useful thing is to think of betterment as a process rather than thinking that we just have to get rid of the bad people and then everything will be okay. If you could have enough utopianism to question the world as it is and imagine how it could be better, I think that’s a wonderful thing, but if you take it too far, you actually undermine yourself. So, I would say, a like “homeopathic utopianism” I will support.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Homeownership can bring out the worst in you</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/homeownership-worst_demsas" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Homeownership can bring out the worst in you" /><published>2025-03-24T20:23:03+07:00</published><updated>2025-12-10T12:48:13+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/homeownership-worst_demsas</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/homeownership-worst_demsas"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>Homeownership, as it has evolved in the United States, often turns its
beneficiaries against progress and change.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>How economic incentives drive the political emotions of American homeowners.</p>]]></content><author><name>Jerusalem Demsas</name></author><category term="articles" /><category term="america" /><category term="politics" /><category term="economics" /><category term="feeling" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Homeownership, as it has evolved in the United States, often turns its beneficiaries against progress and change.]]></summary><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22748828/GettyImages_1142418972.jpg" /><media:content medium="image" url="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22748828/GettyImages_1142418972.jpg" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" /></entry><entry><title type="html">The Social Leverage Effect: Institutions Transform Weak Reputation Effects Into Strong Incentives for Cooperation</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/social-leverage-effect-institutions_lie-panis-julien-et-al" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="The Social Leverage Effect: Institutions Transform Weak Reputation Effects Into Strong Incentives for Cooperation" /><published>2025-01-30T16:54:47+07:00</published><updated>2025-01-30T16:54:47+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/social-leverage-effect-institutions_lie-panis-julien-et-al</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/social-leverage-effect-institutions_lie-panis-julien-et-al"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>Just as a pulley system transforms minimal muscular strength into significant lifting capability, institutions act as cooperative pulleys, transforming weak reputational incentives into powerful drivers of cooperative behavior.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Julien Lie-Panis</name></author><category term="articles" /><category term="economics" /><category term="social" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Just as a pulley system transforms minimal muscular strength into significant lifting capability, institutions act as cooperative pulleys, transforming weak reputational incentives into powerful drivers of cooperative behavior.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">What does Elon Musk want?</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/elon-musk_stevenson-gary" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="What does Elon Musk want?" /><published>2025-01-21T18:11:10+07:00</published><updated>2025-03-08T21:59:06+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/elon-musk_stevenson-gary</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/elon-musk_stevenson-gary"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>super rich people people
are going to support this because they
realize that hatred of foreigners
is the main thing
standing between them and high levels of
taxation. And they don’t want to pay taxes</p>
</blockquote>

<p>The above is talking about the wealthy in general.
For a discussion of Silicon Valley ideology specifically, see <a href="/content/av/not-my-tomorrow_sujato">this talk by Bhante Sujato</a>
and for a discussion of Elon Musk’s specific flavor of psychopathy, listen to <a href="https://youtu.be/2xXLycFv5Gc">this conversation with Elon’s friend, Kara Swisher</a>.</p>]]></content><author><name>Gary Stevenson</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="society" /><category term="inequality" /><category term="economics" /><category term="world" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[super rich people people are going to support this because they realize that hatred of foreigners is the main thing standing between them and high levels of taxation. And they don’t want to pay taxes]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Why the New Deal Matters</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/new-deal_rauchway" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Why the New Deal Matters" /><published>2025-01-05T04:51:44+07:00</published><updated>2025-01-05T04:51:44+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/new-deal_rauchway</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/new-deal_rauchway"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>The real point of FDR’s New Deal was to save democracy.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Eric Rauchway</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="leftism" /><category term="america" /><category term="economics" /><category term="society" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The real point of FDR’s New Deal was to save democracy.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Why Norway is Becoming the World’s Richest Country</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/norway_reallifelore" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Why Norway is Becoming the World’s Richest Country" /><published>2024-12-27T07:30:47+07:00</published><updated>2024-12-27T07:30:47+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/norway_reallifelore</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/norway_reallifelore"><![CDATA[<p>How geography, politics, and history come together to make a country “rich.”</p>]]></content><author><name>Joseph Pisenti</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="europe" /><category term="norway" /><category term="economics" /><category term="places" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[How geography, politics, and history come together to make a country “rich.”]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Buried by the Wall Street Crash</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/buried-by-the-crash_cautionary-tales" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Buried by the Wall Street Crash" /><published>2024-03-24T15:02:30+07:00</published><updated>2024-03-24T15:02:30+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/buried-by-the-crash_cautionary-tales</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/buried-by-the-crash_cautionary-tales"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>If anyone could see into the future of the British economy it was John Maynard Keynes.</p>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
  <p>The secret of super-forecasting? It’s a willingness to change your mind.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Tim Harford</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="economics" /><category term="future" /><category term="intellect" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[If anyone could see into the future of the British economy it was John Maynard Keynes.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">The Drama of the Commons</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/drama-of-the-commons_nrc" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="The Drama of the Commons" /><published>2023-07-08T17:55:21+07:00</published><updated>2025-10-26T14:24:16+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/drama-of-the-commons_nrc</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/drama-of-the-commons_nrc"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>One of the important contributions of the past 30 years of research has been to clarify the concepts involved in the tragedy of the commons.
Things are not as simple as they seem in the prototypical model.
Human motivation is complex, the rules governing real commons do not always permit free access to everyone, and the resource systems themselves have dynamics that influence their response to human use.
The result is often not the “tragedy” described by Hardin but what [Bonnie] McCay has described as a “comedy”—a drama for certain, but one with a happy ending.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>National Research Council</name></author><category term="monographs" /><category term="ecology" /><category term="natural-resources" /><category term="economics" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[One of the important contributions of the past 30 years of research has been to clarify the concepts involved in the tragedy of the commons. Things are not as simple as they seem in the prototypical model. Human motivation is complex, the rules governing real commons do not always permit free access to everyone, and the resource systems themselves have dynamics that influence their response to human use. The result is often not the “tragedy” described by Hardin but what [Bonnie] McCay has described as a “comedy”—a drama for certain, but one with a happy ending.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Critical Ecology</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/critical-ecology_pierre" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Critical Ecology" /><published>2023-04-12T15:31:14+07:00</published><updated>2024-09-24T14:48:08+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/critical-ecology_pierre</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/critical-ecology_pierre"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>… though money is an idea, basically, it represents stuff, and stuff is made of carbon</p>
</blockquote>

<p>An interview with the woman spearheading the new discipline explaining how human social structures impact the environment.</p>]]></content><author><name>Suzanne Pierre</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="ideology" /><category term="society" /><category term="economics" /><category term="wider" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[… though money is an idea, basically, it represents stuff, and stuff is made of carbon]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">The Hidden Costs of Cheap Meat</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/hidden-cost-of-meat_garces-leah" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="The Hidden Costs of Cheap Meat" /><published>2022-12-04T04:47:03+07:00</published><updated>2025-05-15T16:21:26+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/hidden-cost-of-meat_garces-leah</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/hidden-cost-of-meat_garces-leah"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>These prices are fake. And in being fake, they are warping our whole system: our relationship to the environment, to animals, and to ourselves.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Leah Garcés</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="industry" /><category term="meat" /><category term="economics" /><category term="animalia" /><category term="wider" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[These prices are fake. And in being fake, they are warping our whole system: our relationship to the environment, to animals, and to ourselves.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">The Introduction to A History of the World</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/excerpts/seven-cheap-things-introduction_patel-moore" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="The Introduction to A History of the World" /><published>2022-02-18T14:36:12+07:00</published><updated>2024-11-12T10:51:57+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/excerpts/seven-cheap-things-introduction_patel-moore</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/excerpts/seven-cheap-things-introduction_patel-moore"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>Capitalism thrives not by destroying natures but by putting natures to work as cheaply as possible.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Raj Patel</name></author><category term="excerpts" /><category term="capitalism" /><category term="economics" /><category term="the-west" /><category term="ecology" /><category term="wider" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Capitalism thrives not by destroying natures but by putting natures to work as cheaply as possible.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Mine!</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/mine_99pi" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Mine!" /><published>2021-07-09T18:57:05+07:00</published><updated>2025-05-15T16:21:26+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/mine_99pi</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/mine_99pi"><![CDATA[<p>On the six stories we tell to justify ownership.</p>]]></content><author><name>Roman Mars</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="perception" /><category term="economics" /><category term="power" /><category term="law" /><category term="society" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[On the six stories we tell to justify ownership.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Abandoned Ships</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/abandoned-ships_atack-alex" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Abandoned Ships" /><published>2021-05-05T14:37:05+07:00</published><updated>2023-07-22T00:04:41+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/abandoned-ships_atack-alex</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/abandoned-ships_atack-alex"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>… as the number of cargo ships has increased, so has a problem: workers stuck on ships that have been completely abandoned by the owners, leaving them stranded out at sea without basic supplies like food.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Alex Atack</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="oceans" /><category term="social" /><category term="economics" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[… as the number of cargo ships has increased, so has a problem: workers stuck on ships that have been completely abandoned by the owners, leaving them stranded out at sea without basic supplies like food.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Under a White Sky: The Nature of the Future</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/under-a-white-sky_kolbert-elizabeth" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Under a White Sky: The Nature of the Future" /><published>2021-02-23T15:37:56+07:00</published><updated>2025-12-10T12:48:13+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/under-a-white-sky_kolbert-elizabeth</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/under-a-white-sky_kolbert-elizabeth"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>… a book about people trying to solve problems created by people trying to solve problems</p>
</blockquote>

<p>A few case studies of humanity setting out to fix the environment.</p>

<p>By zooming in on tiny fish and out to the entire stratosphere, it beautifully captures the staggering scope of climate change and its challenges.
In highlighting the scientists and engineers working on it, the book offers a somewhat more hopeful picture of our possible future: less apocalyptic but still incredibly strange.
See <a href="/content/av/model-organism_99pi">99pi’s “Model Organism”</a> for a taste.</p>

<p>The book also makes a strong case for being skeptical that we even can engineer our way out of climate change.
While it nods to the “but what other choice do we have” counterargument, I hope that readers come away from this tension in the book more confident than ever in our need for decarbonization and I hope that readers won’t leap to even worse ideas than those highlighted in the book, such as fatalism or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/2023/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/9/26/16356524/the-population-question" target="_blank" ga-event-value="0.35">population control</a>.
As one character in the book memorably put it:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Pissing your pants will only keep you warm for so long.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Elizabeth Kolbert</name></author><category term="monographs" /><category term="science" /><category term="geoengineering" /><category term="climate-change" /><category term="anthropocene" /><category term="time" /><category term="economics" /><category term="power" /><category term="world" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[… a book about people trying to solve problems created by people trying to solve problems]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Are Bosses Dictators?</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/boss-dictator_anderson-elizabeth" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Are Bosses Dictators?" /><published>2021-01-21T18:22:59+07:00</published><updated>2025-12-10T12:48:13+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/boss-dictator_anderson-elizabeth</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/av/boss-dictator_anderson-elizabeth"><![CDATA[<p>Ezra Klein interviews professor Elizabeth Anderson about <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/7/17/15973478/bosses-dictators-workplace-rights-free-markets-unions" target="_blank" ga-event-value="0.35">her ideas on workplace governance</a> and on inequality and power in social organizations more broadly.</p>]]></content><author><name>Elizabeth Anderson</name></author><category term="av" /><category term="political-ideology" /><category term="class" /><category term="groups" /><category term="power" /><category term="economics" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Ezra Klein interviews professor Elizabeth Anderson about her ideas on workplace governance and on inequality and power in social organizations more broadly.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">As a quadriplegic film professor I’ve been asked if I find The Upside offensive: Well, do I?</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/the-upside-offensive_dorwart-jason" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="As a quadriplegic film professor I’ve been asked if I find The Upside offensive: Well, do I?" /><published>2020-08-30T15:01:42+07:00</published><updated>2024-09-24T14:48:08+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/the-upside-offensive_dorwart-jason</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/the-upside-offensive_dorwart-jason"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>This decision is about business. Just not exactly in the way he meant.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>On why there are so few actors with disabilities.</p>]]></content><author><name>Jason Dorwart</name></author><category term="articles" /><category term="disability" /><category term="economics" /><category term="groups" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[This decision is about business. Just not exactly in the way he meant.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Bill Gates tweeted out a chart and sparked a huge debate about global poverty</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/bill-gates-tweeted_matthews-dylan" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Bill Gates tweeted out a chart and sparked a huge debate about global poverty" /><published>2020-08-30T15:01:42+07:00</published><updated>2025-12-10T12:48:13+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/bill-gates-tweeted_matthews-dylan</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/articles/bill-gates-tweeted_matthews-dylan"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>The world went from a situation where most of humanity had no need of money at all to one where today most of humanity struggles to survive on extremely small amounts of money. The graph casts this as a decline in poverty, but in reality what was going on was a process of dispossession</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Dylan Matthews</name></author><category term="articles" /><category term="economics" /><category term="development" /><category term="present" /><category term="industrialization" /><category term="wider" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The world went from a situation where most of humanity had no need of money at all to one where today most of humanity struggles to survive on extremely small amounts of money. The graph casts this as a decline in poverty, but in reality what was going on was a process of dispossession]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Stumbling on Happiness</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/stumbling-on-happiness_gilbert-daniel" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Stumbling on Happiness" /><published>2020-08-16T15:58:56+07:00</published><updated>2023-09-13T18:43:08+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/stumbling-on-happiness_gilbert-daniel</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/stumbling-on-happiness_gilbert-daniel"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>Our inability to recall how we really felt is why our wealth of experiences turns out to be poverty of riches.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>A classic of modern psychology, <em>Stumbling on Happiness</em> explains in detail the cognitive biases that prevent us from accurately predicting what will make us happy.</p>]]></content><author><name>Daniel Gilbert</name></author><category term="monographs" /><category term="neuroscience" /><category term="becon" /><category term="economics" /><category term="time" /><category term="psychology" /><category term="future" /><category term="imagination" /><category term="inner" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Our inability to recall how we really felt is why our wealth of experiences turns out to be poverty of riches.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Kids These Days: Human Capital and the Making of Millennials</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/kids-these-days_harris-malcolm" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Kids These Days: Human Capital and the Making of Millennials" /><published>2020-08-15T11:29:04+07:00</published><updated>2025-05-15T17:57:24+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/kids-these-days_harris-malcolm</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/kids-these-days_harris-malcolm"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>The rate of change is visibly unsustainable. The profiteers call this process “disruption,” while commentators on the left generally call it “neoliberalism” or “late capitalism.” Millennials know it better as “the world,” or “America,” or “Everything.” And Everything sucks.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Explaining the economic moment we are caught in, its tangled roots, and the challenges of trying to fight our collective, exponential momentum.</p>]]></content><author><name>Malcolm Harris</name></author><category term="monographs" /><category term="economics" /><category term="labor" /><category term="economic-growth" /><category term="sustainability" /><category term="activism" /><category term="capitalism" /><category term="millennials" /><category term="america" /><category term="hr" /><category term="present" /><category term="power" /><category term="enculturation" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The rate of change is visibly unsustainable. The profiteers call this process “disruption,” while commentators on the left generally call it “neoliberalism” or “late capitalism.” Millennials know it better as “the world,” or “America,” or “Everything.” And Everything sucks.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger</title><link href="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/box_levinson-marc" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger" /><published>2020-08-15T11:29:04+07:00</published><updated>2025-10-26T14:24:16+07:00</updated><id>https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/box_levinson-marc</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://buddhistuniversity.net/content/monographs/box_levinson-marc"><![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>Sprawling industrial complexes where armies of thousands [of workers] manufactured products from start to finish gave way to smaller, more specialized plants that shipped components and half-finished goods to one another in ever-lengthening supply chains. […] Once the world began to change, it changed very rapidly.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>The remarkable story of how a metal box changed the world.</p>]]></content><author><name>Marc Levinson</name></author><category term="monographs" /><category term="shipping" /><category term="manufacturing" /><category term="economics" /><category term="unions" /><category term="standardization" /><category term="globalization" /><category term="innovation" /><category term="automation" /><category term="economic-growth" /><category term="oceans" /><category term="wider" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Sprawling industrial complexes where armies of thousands [of workers] manufactured products from start to finish gave way to smaller, more specialized plants that shipped components and half-finished goods to one another in ever-lengthening supply chains. […] Once the world began to change, it changed very rapidly.]]></summary></entry></feed>