Three interpretations of bhavaṅga have been taken up for discussion. One is as found in the Netti that bhavaṅga designates each link of twelve factors of dependent co-arising in the context of āsava, which together produce bhava. Psychological and cosmological interpretations of bhava have been studied. […] The third interpretation occurs in the commentaries that bhavaṅga-consciousness is luminous and pure, it is a natural consciousness and all beings pass away with this state of consciousness.